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The Dot Ball Debate

February 15, 2021

Published in Bol News Weekly Print Magazine on February 13, 2021

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Coaches in Numbers

Misbah ul Haq becomes 6th person to takeover as Head Coach of Pakistan team in this decade. Probably a perfect time to see what results different coaches, in Pakistan's recent history, have left for Misbah to be bench-marked with.

So, here's a look at what results Pakistan has produced under different coaches in different formats in the recent past. The recent past, for this discussion, includes all performances in the current decade – 2010s – from Pakistan’s tour to Australia in 2009/10 onwards.

Results breakup across formats:

Pakistan’s Win/Loss Ratios in all three formats have remained lower in 2010s than what Pakistan’s overall Win/Loss Ratios were in periods prior to it.




In Tests, Pakistan won Test matches with much higher frequency in 2010s than as compared to earlier. Pakistan won 42% of all Tests played in this period as compared to winning 30% of all Tests played earlier.
However, Pakistan lost Test matches also with higher frequency than the period before. Pakistan lost 43% of the Tests played in this period as compared to losing only 27% of all Tests played earlier.






The rise in frequency on both sides of the spectrum highlights the recent trend of more Tests producing results than earlier.

Pakistan’s Win/Loss Ratio dropped, however. In 2010s, Pakistan won 32 and lost 33, whereas, Pakistan had won 104 and lost 95 till 2010.




In ODIs, Pakistan’s frequency of winning dropped from 53% to 49% while the frequency of losing rose from 44% to 48%. Subsequently, Pakistan’s Win/Loss Ratio also dropped from 1.22 to 1.01.
In 2010s, Pakistan won 102 ODIs and lost 101 as compared to winning 382 and losing 312 ODIs in the earlier period.



The most considerable variance in Pakistan’s results occurred in T20I format where Pakistan’s staggering Win/Loss Ratio of 4.2 dropped to 1.5 – even after a splendid spell of 30 wins compared to 7 losses in last three years.
However, that looks so because of lesser number of T20I Cricket played till the beginning of the current decade.






At the turn of the decade, Pakistan had won 21 T20Is and had lost only 5, yielding an astounding Win Percentage of 78%. From then on, Pakistan managed to win 69 and lost 45 T20Is – a win percentage of 59%, still a pretty satisfactory frequency of winning.



Coaches in 2010s


Moving on to our primary topic of discussion, let us have a look at what results Pakistan produced under different coaches across the formats in the current decade.

Twenty20 Internationals:

Pakistan’s decade of 2010, in T20Is, is punctuated with the worst and the best performances at the beginning and at the end of the decade, respectively.



In a period of 18 months, during the first tenure of Waqar Younis as the Head Coach, Pakistan won only 6 out of 19 T20Is. To put into perspective, till the beginning of that tenure, Pakistan had won 21 out of 27 T20Is played in between 2006 to 2009. 13 losses in T20Is during that period is the most for Pakistan under any coach.

Mohsin Khan’s tenure lasted for only 5 T20Is; winning 3 and losing 2.

Under Whatmore, Pakistan started to rebuild, somewhat. During Whatmore’s coaching tenure of almost 2 years, Pakistan won 15 out of 25 T20Is, yielding a win percentage of 60% and a Win/Loss ratio of 1.67 (winning 3 out of every 5 matches).






Moin Khan supervised Pakistan’s T20I unit for only 4 T20Is; winning 2 and losing 2.

Waqar Younis returned to office in June 2014 and so did, to an extent, Pakistan’s performance in T20Is. During this tenure, Pakistan lost 12 out of 24 T20Is (1 resulted in a tie). Pakistan’s Win/Loss Ratio dropped, again, to under 1.

In May 2016, Mickey Arthur took over and that coincided with Pakistan’s golden period in T20I format. During the next three years, Pakistan won 30 and lost only 7 T20Is, that was as good as Pakistan’s first three years in this format that saw Pakistan losing only 5 T20Is and winning 21, including WT20 Tournament in 2009.



One Day Internationals:

Pakistan decade of 2010, in ODIs, has remained pretty consistent – consistently average, to be exact.



Pakistan entered the decade ranked 7th in ICC ODI Ranking and its holding 6th spot, as of today, that has also remained the mean ICC Ranking of Pakistan throughout this decade.

Pakistan produced reasonably good results during the first tenure of Waqar Younis. Pakistan won 19 out of 34 and lost 14 ODIs, maintaining a win percentage of 56% and Win/Loss Ratio of 1.4






Pakistan played 15 and won 10 ODIs during the brief stint of Mohsin Khan. That produced a healthy win percentage of 67%

Dav Whatmore’s tenure saw Pakistan winning 22 and losing 22 ODIs out of 47 played, yielding a Win/Loss Ratio of perfectly 1.

Pakistan, then played 5 ODIs, during Moin’s tenure, winning 3 and losing 2.






Then came the second tenure of Waqar Younis as Head Coach of Pakistan; that’s exactly where Pakistan registered their worst results in ODIs during any period of considerable length. During this period, Pakistan lost 24 out of 40 ODIs, yielding a massive Loss Percentage of 60%. In contrast, Pakistan won only 15 ODIs, yielding a Win/Loss Ratio of only 0.6 – easily one of the worst periods for Pakistan in ODI format.

Mickey Arthur replaced Waqar in 2016. Although the numbers improved a bit but only in comparison to dismal numbers during Waqar’s second tenure. Under Mickey, Pakistan lost 34 out of 64 ODIs and won only 32. Although an improvement, yet Pakistan’s Win/Loss Ratio during his tenure remained under 1.


Tests:

Pakistan won 4 and loss 5 out of 12 Tests played during the first tenure of Waqar Younis. Win percentage of 33% as compared to loss percentage of 42% and Win/Loss Ratio of 0.8 – considerably lower than Pakistan’s Win/Loss Ratio of 1.09 before this period.



Mohsin Khan’s tenure as coach was a rare golden period in Tests for Pakistan. During this period, Pakistan played 8 Tests, won 6 and lost none. This is as rare as it can get – a win percentage of 75%.

Pakistan’s Test performance, however, dipped right after. During Dav Whatmore’s tenure, Pakistan won only 3 out of 13 Tests and lost 7 – a Win/Loss Ratio of only 0.4; Pakistan’s lowest in any format for any span of considerable duration.

Pakistan didn’t play any Tests during Moin Khan’s tenure.






Waqar’s second tenure saw much better results. Pakistan won 8 out of 15 Tests and lost only 4; a Win/Loss Ratio of 2 (winning 2 Tests to every Test lost).

Then came Mickey Arthur. During his tenure, Pakistan won 10 out of 28 and lost 17 Tests. Pakistan’s loss percentage of 61%, during this period, is by far the worst frequency of losing Tests.

In a nut shell, this is how Pakistan’s Coaches fared in numbers during this decade




ICC Rankings:

Numbers do provide quantitative measure of proceedings to quite an extent. However, it often does not reflect the quality of, say, a win or a loss that are counted equally in numbers.

Let’s resort to ICC Rankings as the standard to evaluate the quality of results Pakistan produced under different coaches during the recent past. Here’s the quick view of :

a) What was Pakistan’s ICC Ranking in the format when a coach took over 
b) What was Pakistan’s ICC Ranking in the format when that coach left and 
c) What was the Net gain between the start and end of tenure of a particular coach:




To sum it all up:

Waqar's first tenure was not that bad. The second, however, was as horrendous as it can get. Although, Pakistan did do well numerically in Tests during his second tenure but in terms of quality, it was still below par - as reflected by net drop of 1 spot in Pakistan's ICC Test ranking between the start and end of his second tenure.

Mohsin Khan had a reasonably good short stint.
Moin Khan's tenure wasn't long enough to talk about much. Dav Whatmore produced average results. Although, Pakistan's ranking did improve in Tests and T20I formats but performance in ODIs remained pretty ordinary.






Mickey Arthur revolutionized Pakistan in the shortest format but in the longest format, Pakistan remained an inconsistent, undecided and under-performing unit that lost many more than what they should have. In the medium length format as well, it was far from satisfactorily consistent.

Under Mickey, although Pakistan did manage to win the accolades of rising to the Number 1 in ICC Test Ranking and winning ICC Champions Trophy but even with such achievements, Pakistan's results in the formats remained highly inconsistent that was a disappointment in itself. Yet, in T20Is, it left Pakistan with a kind of consistency that World of Cricket only dream about Pakistan.











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WORLD CUP 2019 TEAMS REVIEW - PART 2 : Since ICC Champions Trophy 2017

May 28, 2019
Narrowing down the period for our Review of 2019 World Cup participants – on the basis of their Win-Loss Ratio – to last 2 years, more specifically since the last ICC event, here is a look at how teams have scored during this period.


and here’s how each team has done against other opponents since ICC Champions Trophy 2017

























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WORLD CUP 2019 TEAMS REVIEW - PART 1 : World Cup Runners Against Each Other Since 2015 World Cup

May 23, 2019
Right, so we are into the final week before ICC Cricket World Cup and the customary World Cup fever has just kicked in.

There’s no more Cricket to talk about for the next one week, leaving the fans around the world with nothing but ample time to take out their microscopes and analyze the teams participating in the contest through various statistical views, angles and dimensions.

Is there any right statistical view that could provide definitive evaluation of the teams participating in the World Cup 2019? The simple answer is, no – unless resorting to such methods and algorithms that become too complicated for a common fan to comprehend. Instead, there are quite a few popular views to benchmark the contestants of the World Cup.

One of such scenario is analysis of teams since the last World Cup. To make it even more relevant, let’s take look at the teams, specifically, against each other since the last World Cup, held in 2015.




That pretty much reflects the form of participating teams amongst each other in the last 4 years.





Moving on, let’s take a quick look at how teams have fared against the other 9 teams in this period, starting with Pakistan













































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England vs Pakistan ODI Series 2019 - Bowling Analysis

May 20, 2019
The series termed as the full-dress rehearsal of ICC Cricket World Cup 2019 is over. It provided 4 days of run fest with 7 out of 8 completed innings going well above the 300 runs mark.

In such a high scoring series, bowling looked the harder of the traits and – to an extent – eventually deciding the fate of the series as well. Here’s a quick recap of bowling performance from both the teams


Leading bowlers in the series by STRIKE RATE:


Leading bowlers in the series by BOWLING AVERAGE:


Leading bowlers in the series by ECONOMY:


Leading bowlers in the series by DOT BALL PERCENTAGE:


Leading bowlers in the series by BOUNDARY PERCENTAGE:








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Analysis: ODI Hundreds for Pakistan


Pakistan’s 5-0 loss to Australia was the 1st time a team scored 5 100s in an ODI series and still got whitewashed. In terms of 100s scored, the series was a rare one in ODI history from various angles, such as:

Summary of Pakistan vs Australia ODI Series in context of 100s scored

These are some staggering numbers to highlight the rarity of what happened during the series.

On the other hand, common belief says that whenever Pakistan batting manages to put even a half-decent score, Pakistan bowling has always been good enough not to let the opponents walk away with the game.

How good that belief stood in this series? Narrowing down the numbers specifically to Pakistan, points us in the direction of answer to this question.
Pakistan records created during Pakistan vs Australia ODI Series - March 2019 - Sharjah, Abu Dhabi, Dubai - UAE

Most of the 100s in the series were scored by Pakistan; a team whose ability to score big – or to convert frequently scored average scores into big hundreds – is what has been believed, for a long time, to be its most critical success factor in Limited Overs Cricket.





Stats of this kind makes one question those common beliefs and dig deeper into this topic of 100s and success in Pakistan’s case.

Do all 100s contribute towards team victory?
The general consensus answers to this question in negative. Not all 100s mean team victory. In fact, some 100s influence negatively on team progress – the team total in that particular innings. The history of Cricket, especially ODI history, enlists quite a few instances where players were blamed for team loss even after scoring a century – in fact, some of them got dropped right after scoring a hundred.

What is a good 100, then?
Just like there cannot be a one-size-fit-for-all kind of answer for questions like ‘what makes a team win?’, it is impractical to formulate a definition that could be applied on centuries scored in all seasons, conditions, regions and formats to adjudge a 100 to be a good or a bad 100.
For this reason, this analysis will not indulge in declaring – or even painting – any ODI 100 as good or bad.





What am I going to get out of reading on, then?
We can work with a definition, however, that applies to most not all the conditions. A definition that is generally used to identify if a 100 eventually propelled the progress of the team or the team progress got stalled because of one of the batsmen approaching their personal milestone.

Staying away from judging a 100 to be a good or a bad 100, this analysis remains confined only to one dimension: that is, if the strike rate of an individual innings of 100 or more was higher than the overall strike rate the team scored its runs during the same innings.

To calculate strike rate of a team innings, the total number of runs is divided by the total number of runs scored in the innings – exactly the same how batsman strike rate is calculated.

For ease of understanding, this part of the analysis will focus on 100s scored specifically by Pakistan batsmen in ODIs. Comparison with 100s scored by batsmen from other countries will be covered in a separate part, later.

ODI 100s by Pakistanis:
Let’s start with quick summary of all 100s scored by Pakistani batsmen in ODIs. A total of 197 centuries has been scored in 912 team innings by 42 Pakistani batsmen in ODI Cricket.
List of Centurions for Pakistan in ODI Cricket with 100s scored, Innings Played and Innings to 100 ratio - updated till Pakistan vs Australia ODI Series - March 2019 - Sharjah, Abu Dhabi, Dubai - UAE
Fastest Individual 100+ innings:
Here’s a Top-20 list of fastest 100+ innings played by Pakistan batsmen in ODIs. 

Top 20 100s for Pakistan in ODIs by Strike Rate - Updated till Pakistan vs Australia ODI Series - March 2019 - Sharjah, Abu Dhabi, Dubai - UAE

Please note, the list denotes Strike Rates at the end of individual innings not when the 100-runs milestone was achieved in that particular innings. Same classification is applied throughout this analysis.





Slowest Individual 100+ innings:
Similarly, here’s a list of all 100+ innings played by Pakistan batsmen in ODIs with worst Strike Rates.
20 Slowest 100s for Pakistan by Strike Rate - Updated till Pakistan vs Australia ODI Series - March 2019 - Sharjah, Abu Dhabi, Dubai - UAE


Top 100+ Innings with Positive Impact on Team Strike Rate:
If all 197 centuries scored by Pakistan batsmen in ODIs are ordered by the difference in Strike Rate of that complete individual innings and the overall Strike Rate of the team at the end of that particular team innings, here’s what we get as the Top-20 list:
Top 20 ODI 100s for Pakistan by Strike Rate Impact - Updated till Pakistan vs Australia ODI Series - March 2019 - Sharjah, Abu Dhabi, Dubai - UAE

Top 100+ Innings with Negative Impact on Team Strike Rate:
Similarly, here’s a list of 100+ innings by Pakistan batsmen in ODIs with highest negative impact on Team:

Worst 20 ODI 100s for Pakistan by Strike Rate Impact - Updated till Pakistan vs Australia ODI Series - March 2019 - Sharjah, Abu Dhabi, Dubai - UAE


Timeline of 100s scored by Pakistanis in ODIs:
If all the 100s scored by Pakistan batsmen in ODIs are mapped onto a timeline in the context of its impact on Team Run Rate, it yields this view:
Timeline of all ODI 100s for Pakistan with Strike Rate Impact - Update till Pakistan vs Australia ODI Series - March 2019 - Sharjah, Abu Dhabi, Dubai - UAE

The view also provides brief details about the innings with highest impact – either positive or negative – on Team Run Rate.





Most impactful centurions for Pakistan in ODIs:
After analyzing individual innings in the context of its impact on team output, the next interesting thing would be to analyze the tendency of all centurions for Pakistan in ODIs throughout their careers in the same context.

Most Impactful centurions for Pakistan with respect to Strike Rate Impact of their ODI 100s - Updated till Pakistan vs Australia ODI Series - March 2019 - Sharjah, Abu Dhabi, Dubai - UAE

Not surprisingly, not all the names in this list rose to undisputed legend of the game status, and those who did, their names are right there on the top. Many other similar inferences can be drawn from this list.

Whenever Javed Miandad, Zaheer Abbas or Shaid Afridi scored a hundred, they made sure their innings propelled the team towards a higher total. There’s a reason they are regarded as the most impactful players the game has seen and the same is evident here. Inzamam ul Haq, Kamran Akmal and Ijaz Ahmed also played with similar intent (and impact).





The Recent Past:
All the aforementioned details spanned from the beginning of ODI Cricket, which has changed drastically over the years. One may argue that the team scores used to be pretty low at the beginning of ODI Cricket, therefore, it would have been easier to score quick runs once the batsman reached his hundred. The counter argument would be that ODI Cricket in early days was played either with no field restrictions or with field restrictions that allowed more open field placement than today, hence, it was comparatively easier to accumulate runs rather than scoring boundaries. It’s a never ending debate, however.

What could be more beneficial, would be to fast forward to recent past and analyze the recent past in the same context. The next stop for ODIs is the World Cup, so let’s take the last World Cup as cut-off for the recent past. By doing so, here is the quick summary that we get of all hundreds scored by Pakistan batsmen in ODIs.

Summary of ODI 100s scored by Pakistan since 2015 Cricket World Cup - Updated till Pakistan vs Australia ODI Series - March 2019 - Sharjah, Abu Dhabi, Dubai - UAE


It opens up the avenue for many interesting inferences. For instance, out of 30 hundreds scored by Pakistan batsmen in ODIs since 2015 World Cup, only 2 have been faster than innings run rate against a team ranked higher than Pakistan at the time. [Bangladesh, Ireland, Sri Lanka, West Indies and Zimbabwe were ranked lower than Pakistan on the day the particular 100 was scored.]




It does reveal interesting patterns but only at the team level. We can delve further to look for the same at individual players level:

ODI 100s scored by Pakistan batsmen since 2015 Cricket World Cup - Updated till Pakistan vs Australia ODI Series - March 2019 - Sharjah, Abu Dhabi, Dubai - UAE


To sum it up, here’s a look at how all centurions for Pakistan in ODIs since 2015 World Cup have fared:

Summary of all ODI 100s scored by Pakistan batsmen since 2015 Cricket World Cup - Updated till Pakistan vs Australia ODI Series - March 2019 - Sharjah, Abu Dhabi, Dubai - UAE


To round-off this part of the analysis, here are the list of 100s, in the same context, by some prominent and current players for Pakistan in ODIs:




Retired Players:

All ODI 100s scored by Javed Miandad in the context of the total and team strike rate of that particular Team ODI Innings

All ODI 100s scored by Zaheer Abbas in the context of the total and team strike rate of that particular Team ODI Innings

All ODI 100s scored by Shahid Afridi in the context of the total and team strike rate of that particular Team ODI Innings




All ODI 100s scored by Inzamam ul Haq in the context of the total and team strike rate of that particular Team ODI Innings

All ODI 100s scored by Ijaz Ahmed in the context of the total and team strike rate of that particular Team ODI Innings

All ODI 100s scored by Saeed Anwar in the context of the total and team strike rate of that particular Team ODI Innings






All ODI 100s scored by Ramiz Raja in the context of the total and team strike rate of that particular Team ODI Innings


Current Players:

All ODI 100s scored by Ahmed Shehzad in the context of the total and team strike rate of that particular Team ODI Innings

All ODI 100s scored by Babar Azam in the context of the total and team strike rate of that particular Team ODI Innings




All ODI 100s scored by Fakhar Zaman in the context of the total and team strike rate of that particular Team ODI Innings

All ODI 100s scored by Imam ul Haq in the context of the total and team strike rate of that particular Team ODI Innings




All ODI 100s scored by Kamran Akmal in the context of the total and team strike rate of that particular Team ODI Innings

All ODI 100s scored by Mohammad Hafeez in the context of the total and team strike rate of that particular Team ODI Innings




All ODI 100s scored by Mohammad Rizwan in the context of the total and team strike rate of that particular Team ODI Innings

All ODI 100s scored by Salman Butt in the context of the total and team strike rate of that particular Team ODI Innings




All ODI 100s scored by Sarfaraz Ahmed in the context of the total and team strike rate of that particular Team ODI Innings

All ODI 100s scored by Shoaib Malik in the context of the total and team strike rate of that particular Team ODI Innings




All ODI 100s scored by Umar Akmal in the context of the total and team strike rate of that particular Team ODI Innings






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